By Dr. C.L. Khanna. Revised & Enlarged Edition UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA-2

Transcription

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2 By Dr. C.L. Khanna Revised & Enlarged Edition UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA-2

3 Publishers Publishers UPKAR PRAKASHAN 2/11A, Swadeshi Bima Nagar, AGRA Phone : , , Fax : (0562) care@upkar.in, Website : Branch Offices : 4845, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi Phone : /66 28, Chowdhury Lane, Shyam Bazar, Near Metro Station, Gate No. 4 Kolkata (W.B.) Phone : , Juni Shukrawari, Sakkardara Road, Opp. Hanuman Mandir, Nagpur Phone : Paras Bhawan (First Floor), Khazanchi Road, Patna Phone : B-33, Blunt Square, Kanpur Taxi Stand Lane, Mawaiya, Lucknow (U.P.) Phone : /B, R.R. Complex (Near Sundaraiah Park, Adjacent to Manasa Enclave Gate), Bagh Lingampally, Hyderabad Phone : /1, A. K. House, Heeranagar, Haldwani, Distt. Nainital (Uttarakhand) Mob. : The publishers have taken all possible precautions in publishing this book, yet if any mistake has crept in, the publishers shall not be responsible for the same. This book or any part thereof may not be reproduced in any form by Photographic, Mechanical, or any other method, for any use, without written permission from the Publishers. Only the courts at Agra shall have the jurisdiction for any legal dispute. ISBN : Code No. 352 Printed at : UPKAR PRAKASHAN (Printing Unit) Bye-pass, AGRA

4 Contents Haryana : At a Glance Chandigarh : The Capital of Haryana : At a Glance. 7 9 Haryana : History Haryana : Geographical and Natural Location Haryana : Districts and Population Haryana : Industries and Minerals Haryana : Games Haryana : Art and Culture Haryana : Great Personalities Haryana : Miscellaneous Haryana : Population (Final 2011) Tables Haryana : Agriculture Haryana : Irrigation and Projects Haryana : Education Haryana : Tourist Places, Religious and Pilgrimcentres, Temples, Mosques, Old Monuments Forts, Mahals, Tanks and Museums Haryana : Transport Haryana : Budget Haryana : Political/Administrative Haryana : Governors/Chief-Ministers Objective Questions 71 80

5 HARYANA General Knowledge (At a Glance)

6 Haryana : At a Glance State : Haryana Capital : Chandigarh (30 73 N to E) Location : North-Western State of India Geographical Situation : to North latitude and to East longitude. Boundaries States : Himachal Pradesh in the North, Uttarakhand in the North-East Rajasthan in the South and South Map of Haryana South-East, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi in the East and Punjab and Chandigarh in the North-West. Area : 44,212 sq. km Rank of state according to area : 21st state in the country. District with largest area : Bhiwani District with smallest area : Panchkula Total population (2011 Final) of the state : 2,53,51,462 Persons District Map of Haryana Panchkula Ambala Yamunanagar Kurukshetra Sirsa Fatehabad Kaithal Karnal Hisar Jind Panipat Bhiwani Mahendragarh Sonipat Rohtak Jhajjar Gurugram (Gurgaon) Rewari Delhi Faridabad Nuh Palwal (Mewat)

7 4A Haryana Population (2011) (F) Males : 1,34,94,734 Females : 1,18,56,728 Rural population (2011) : 1,65,09,359 Males : 87,74,006 Females : 77,35,353 Urban population (2011) : 88,42,103 Males : 47,20,728 Females : 41,21,375 City with one million population (2011) : Faridabad (1,055,938) Percentage of urban population (2011) in Haryana : 34 9% Rank of the state according to population (2011) : 18th Percentage of total population of the Country (2011) : 2.09% Total no. of the age group 0 6 years : 33,80,721 Total no. of the male children aged 0 6 years: 18,43,109 Total no. of the Female children aged 0 6 years : 15,37,612 District with highest population (2011) : Faridabad 18,09,733 (state population) District with lowest population (2011) : Panchkula (5,61,293). Districts with population (2011) more than 1 5 million; 5 [Faridabad, Gurugram (Gurgaon), Hisar, Karnal and Bhiwani] Districts with population (2011) more than 1 million : 10 [(Sonipat, Jind, Sirsa, Ambala, Yamunangar, Kaithal, Panipat, Rohtak, Palwal and Nuh (Mewat)]. Districts with population (2011) more than 0 5 million : 6 (Kurukshetra, Jhajjar, Fatehabad, Mahendragarh, Rewari and Panchkula). Increase rate , Decadal population : 19 90%. District with highest population growth rate : Gurugram (73 96%). District with lowest population growth rate : Jhajjar (8.90%). Density of population (2011) in the State : 573 persons km 2. Rank of state (Among the states & UT s) in the country according to density of population : 11th. District with highest density of population : Faridabad (2442). District with lowest density of population : Sirsa (303). Sex ratio : 879 females per 1000 males. District with maximum Sex-ratio : Nuh (Mewat) (1000 : 907). District with minimum Sex-ratio : Sonipat and Gurugram (1000 : 856). Rank in counting according to Sex-ratio in the State : 30th. Percentage of literacy (2011) in the State : 75 6% Males : 84 06% Females : 65 9% Total no. of literate persons : 1,65,98,988 Total no. of literate males : 97,94,067 Total no. of literate females : 68,04,921 Rank of the State (Among the states & UT s) in the country according to literacy : 22nd District with highest literacy rate : Gurugram (Gurgaon) (84 70%) District with lowest literacy rate : Nuh (Mewat) (54 08%) District with highest Males literacy : Rewari (91 44%) District with lowest Males literacy : Nuh (Mewat) (69 94%) District with highest Females literacy : Gurugram (Gurgaon) (77 98%) District with lowest Females literacy : Nuh (Mewat) (36 60%). Total no. of workers in the State : 89,16,508 Males workers # 68,06,636 Females workers # 21,09,872 Total no. of non-workers in the State : 1,64,34,954

8 Haryana 5A Number of main workers : 70,15,283 Number of marginal workers : 19,01,225 Working share in the State : 35 2% Males working share rate : 50 4% Females working share rate : 17 8% District with maximum working share rate : Fatehabad (45 09%) District with minimum working share rate : Ambala (32 01%) Birth rate (2013) : 21 3 per 1000 Death rate (2013) : 6 3 per 1000 Infant Mortality Rate (2013) : 41 per 1000 Divisions : 4 [Ambala, Gurugram (Gurgaon), Hisar and Rohtak] No. of districts in the State : 21 No. of Sub-divisions : 62 No. of Tehsils : 83 No. of Sub-Tehsils : 47 No. of Blocks : 126 No. of Villages : 6,841 No. of Cities Towns : 154 Mountains : Shivalik in the North and Aravalli Ranges in the South-West. Rivers : Yamuna, Ghagghar, Markanda, Tangari, Sahibi Important Lakes : Badkhal and Saibi Agriculture : 70% people are engaged in agriculture Important Festivals/Fairs : Lohri is the important festival and Tikka is the important fair. Aerodromes : Hisar, Pinjore, Karnal, Narnaul and Bhiwani Wild life Sanctuary : Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary, Gurugram (Gurgaon). Tourist Places : There are 44 tourists complexes in Haryana where every year 55 lac, people comeover. The important tourists centres are Suraj Kund (near Delhi), Badkhal lake (near Faridabad) Dabchik (Hodal), Jangal Babler (Dharu-Hera), Karn Jheel (Ujhana), Kala Titar (Abushhar), Blue bird (Hisar), Shama (Gurugram), Gouriya (Bahadurgarh), Kingfisher (Ambala), Magpai or Magpie (Faridabad), Rajhans (Surajkund), Skylark (Panipat), Sohna, Surajkund, Blue Je (Samalakha), Chakravarti lake and oasis (Ujhana), Perakeet (Pipli), Pinjore Garden (Pinjore), Flemingo (Hisar), Maina (Rohtak), Red-Bishop (Panchkula), Damdama (Gurugram), Sultanpur bird sanctuary (Gurugram), and Morni hill famous for pine tree. Per-capita income : (a) At Constant ( ) Price ( ) 1,32,251 (Quick estimated) (b) At Current Price ( ) 1,65,204 The area where the Kaurav-Pandav battle took place during the Mahabharat period : Kurukshetra First State of the country where the cooperative loans of farmers were exempted : Haryana The first State of the country where the villages were electrified first : Haryana The State of the country where the maximum no. of tractors are manufactured : Haryana The State which introduced crop insurance policy in the State in North India : Haryana The State which produces 1/3rd of the country s sanitary hardware : Haryana City of weavers in the country : Panipat Famous for Queen of hills : Morni hill The founder of Vishal Haryana Party at Haryana : Rao Virendra Singh The State famous for milk and curd : Haryana Well known cricketer of Haryana : Nawab Pataudi and Kapil Dev. First novel written in Haryanvi language : Jharuphiri. First Haryanvi film : Chandraval (Producer Sobhagay Devi Shankar) First State poet of Haryana : Sri Udaiman Hans. Haryana Keshri : Pt. Neki Ram Sharma. Founder of Haryana Vikas Party : Chaudhary Bansi Lal.

9 6A Haryana Founder of Bhakra-Dam-Project : Chaudhary Chotu Ram. Awardee of Honour of Haryana Keshri : Chaudhary Devi Lal. Iron man of Haryana : Bansi Lal First woman to climb over Mt. Everest twice : Santosh Yadav (Haryana). Three-Lals of Haryana : Bhajan Lal, Bansi Lal and Devi Lal. H.M.T. Factory : Pinjore (Ambala). Atlas cycle industry : Sonipat. Production of Maruti Cars : Gurugram (Gurgaon). Factory of Rajdoot Motor Cycles : Faridabad Manufacturing of Escort Tractors and Kelvinator Refrigerators : Faridabad National Dairy Research Institute : Karnal. Biggest animal farm of Asia : Hissar Haryana foundation day : 1st Nov. (1st Nov., 1966) Haryana High Court : Chandigarh. Official Language : Hindi Main language : Hindi and Haryanvi Legislature : Unicameral system (Lower House or Vidhan Sabha). No. of M.L.A. s : 90 (Out of this 17 seats are reserved for SCs). No. of M.P.s : 10 Members of Rajya Sabha : 05 1st Governor of the State : Dharamveer. 1st Chief Minister of the State : Bhagwat Dayal Sharma 1st Advocate General : Babu Ananad Swarup. State game : Wrestling State animal : Neel Gai State bird : Black Titar Haryana has a large industrial base having more than 1,347 large and medium and 80,000 small scale units in the State. In , the state Government has also recommended 28 SEZ s proposals in IT/ITES sector, out of this, 6 SEZ s are functioning. Haryana State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation (HSIIDC) is a Pioneer Institute of the State Government in the Public Sector, having its role as an institutional entrepreneur as well as developmentcum-financial institution for accelerating the pace of industrial growth in the state primarily in the medium and large scale sectors.

10 Chandigarh : The Capital of Haryana At a Glance Central territory : Chandigarh Capital : Chandigarh Joint Capital of Punjab and Haryana) Boundaries : Punjab in North and West and Haryana in East and South. Chandigarh Area : 114 sq. km Longitude : E Latitude : N-14 N Population (2011)(F) : 10,55,450 persons Males : 5,80,663 Females : 4,74,787 Punjab To Roop Nagar Punjab Secretariat Punjab & Haryana 2 1 N To Ludhiana Punjab University Dakhin Marg 36 Vidhya Path 35 Udhyan Path 23 Himalaya Marg Secretariat Haryana Secretariat Punjab Udhog Marg Vigyan Marg Sarovar Path 20 Madhya Marg Sukhna Marg 30 Uttar Marg Chandni Path Purwa Marg Sukhna Lake Chandigarh R.S. To Kalka To Fatehgarh 31 Mauli Gagaran Haryana Map not to Scale Punjab To Patiala Roads States Boundary Railway Line Sector Number Note : Chandigarh is joint capital of Punjab and Haryana To Ambala To Ambala Cantt

11 8A Haryana Sex Ratio : 818 Density : 9,258 Population growth : Rural population : 28,991 Males : 17,150 Females : 11,841 Urban population : 10,26,459 Males : 5,63,513 Females : 4,62,946 Percentage of urban population : Population (0 6 years) : 1,19,434 Males : 63,536 Females : 55,898 Sex ratio (0 6 years) : 880 Rank according to population, among the union territories : 3rd (Total percentage of the country : 0 09%) Decade increase : 17 2% Literacy : 86 05% Males # 89 99% Females # 81 2% Number of literates : Males : 4,65,346 Females : 3,40,092 Rank according to literacy among the union territories : 2nd Sex-ratio : 818 females per 1000 males Density of population : 9258 km 2 Rank according to density of population among the union territories : second Main Language : Hindi and Punjabi Cultivable land : 1325 Hectares ( ) Irrigated land : 1305 Hectares ( ) Main crops : Wheat, Maize and Rice Electricity : 3 5 per cent of the total production of Bhakra is supplied to Chandigarh. Industries : Woollen garments, Woollen hosiery, Electric meter, Antibiotic medicine, Biscuits, Cycle assembling material, Steel furniture, Steel goods, Electronic screws, Sewing machines and their accessories, Thermometer, Tractor s accessories, material of colour photography, Knitting machines, Paints, Radio and T.V. etc. Universities : Punjab University, Chandigarh, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh. Aerodrome : Chandigarh. Tourist places : Rose Garden, Rock Garden, Shantikunj, Art Gallery, National Gallery of Portraits, Museum, Sukhna Lake, Terrace Garden, Memory Park, Bougainvillea Garden, International Doll s Museum, Deer Park, Ledger Valley, Long Hut (Kuda Alisher) etc. Chief Commissioners of Chandigarh M. S. Randhawa 1 Nov., Oct., 1968 Damodar Dass 31 Oct., April, 1969 B. P. Bagchi 8 April, Sept., 1972 M. P. Mathur 1 Sept., 1972 Dec G.P. Gupta Dec June, 1976 T. N. Chaturvedi 15 June, 1976 June 1978 J. C. Agrawal June July, 1980 B. S. Sarao 19 July, March, 1982 Krishna Banerjee 8 March, June, 1984 Krishna Banerjee 2 August, May, 1985 Administrator of Chandigarh B. D. Pandey 2 June, July, 1984 K. T. Satarawala 3 July, Aug., 1984 Arjun Singh 30 May, Nov., 1985 Hokishe Sema 14 Nov., Nov., 1985 S. D. Sharma 26 Nov., April, 1986 S. S. Ray 2 April, Dec., 1989 Nirmal Mukherjee 8 Dec., June, 1990 Virendra Verma 14 June, Dec., 1990 O. P. Malhotra 18 Dec., Aug., 1991 Surendra Nath 7 Aug., July, 1994 S. P. Kurdukar 10 July, Sept., 1994 B. K. N. Chibber 18 Sept., Nov., 1999 J. F. R. Jacob 27 Nov., May, 2003 O. P. Verma 8 May, Nov., 2004 A. R. Kidwai 3 Nov., Nov., 2004 S. F. Rodrigues 16 Nov., Jan., 2010 Shiv Raj Patil 22 Jan., Jan., 2015 Kaptan Singh Solanki 22 Jan., 2015 till date

12 Haryana 9A Points to Remember Chandigarh a beautiful city is situated at the beautiful foot hill of Shivalik ranges. Chandigarh along with its adjoining areas was given the status of union territory on 1st Nov., The plan of Chandigarh city was prepared by Albert Mayor in 1950 which was later on reformed by French architect Le Corbusier in collaboration with Indian architects in Chandigarh is the joint capital of Haryana and Punjab State. The High Court of Punjab and Haryana State is situated at Chandigarh. High Court at Chandigarh was established in The administration of Chandigarh is looked after by administrator. Only one member of Parliament is elected from Chandigarh. Near about 1400 hectares of cultivated land. Wheat, Maize, Vegetables, Fodder Rice herbal and medicinal plants are the main crops of Chandigarh. Total length of the National Highway which passes through Chandigarh is 24 9 km. The number of large and medium scale industries in the state are 1343 and small industries are 80,000. The electricity needed for Chandigarh is supplied by the projects of adjacent states as well as central projects. From the total production of Bhakra, Chandigarh gets 4 7% share of electricity. Near about 82 9 MW electricity is sanctioned to Chandigarh which is produced from thermal, atomic and gas based central pro-jects. All the adjoining villages of Chandigarh have electricity supply. By 2021 the population of Chandigarh is projected to be around 19 5 lacs (at current rate of growth).

13 Haryana : History The glorious history of Haryana starts from Vedic period. This state is known as the birth place of mythological Bharat dynasty with whose nomenclature the name of this country Bharat is associated. The battle field for war between Kauravas and Pandavas, the Kurukshetra, is situated in Haryana. Prior to the arrival of Muslims in India and making Delhi the capital of India, Haryana played a major role in the history of India. After that Haryana became the part of Delhi. Prior to the first war of independence in 1857 Haryana was anonymous. After crushing the rebellion of 1857 the British administration reestablished themselves and the Nawabs of Jhajjar and Bahadurgarh, the ruler of Ballabhgarh and Rao Tula Ram of Rewari were dethroned and their territories were either merged with areas under British rule or were transferred to rulers of Patiala, Nabha and Jind. Thus, Haryana became the part of Punjab and on 1st Nov., 1966 after the reorganisation of Punjab, Haryana became the full- fledged state of India. The description of Haryana is found in Vedic literature. The excavation of this place proves that the development of Indus Valleys civilization and Mohenjodaro culture took place at this place. There are different views regarding the nomenclature of Haryana. Haryana is either from Haryali or Hawar (Loot Mar or Robbery) or from Harinathak or Aryana. Haryana was formed on 1st Nov., 1966 as an autonomous state of Indian Republic. Prior to that it was the part of Punjab state % part of old united Punjab was transferred to Haryana. According to archaeologists the pre-historic records of Pre-Harrapan, Harappan, Post- Harappan are found in the excavation of Banwali, Siswal, Kunal, Mirzapur, Daulatpur, and Bhagwanpura places. The famous battle of Mahabharat was fought here at Kurukshetra. Here Lord Krishna preached the message of Geeta. In olden times Haryana state was known as Brahmavart Pradesh, Brahmarishi Pradesh and Uttarvedi of Brahma. Agroha place of Haryana was known as the capital of Agraigana. Sthanvishwar (Thaneshwar) of Haryana was the capital of king Harshwardhan. The glory and prosperity of Thaneshwar, the capital of Harsha has been beautifully described by the Chinese traveller Huen-Tsang. The life and cultural traditions of Haryana during that period have been fully described in Harsha Charita of Banbhatt. Areno Raja, the Chauhan ruler ( ) during the 12th century attacked Haryana Pradesh and defeated the Tomars. The account of progress of trade, art and culture of Haryana, during the Tomar s rule is found in Yashistlak Champu volume. In 1014 Mahmmud Gajnabi attacked Thaneshwar. Bisaldev or Vighrey Raj VI conquered Delhi and Haryana in 1156 and captured Delhi and Hansi from Tomars. Thus, Chauhans established their rule over Haryana in 12th century. Balban the ruler of slave dynasty tried to crush the power of Mewas of Haryana in Firoz Tuglaq, the Tuglaq ruler established Fatehabad (New district) a town in the name of his son Fateh Khan. In 1398, Taimur attacked India and after conquering, he entered Haryana, alongside Ghagghar river.

14 Haryana 11A After devastating Sirsa, Fatehabad, Hisar, Karnal, Kaithal, Ashand, Tugakpur and Salwan Taimur reached Panipat and indulged in large scale plunder there. The battle between Babar and Ibrahim Lodi was fought in 1526 at Panipat (Haryana), in which Babar won and he laid the foundations of the Mughal empire in India. Hemchand, (Hemu) was the ruler of Rewari during the reign of Akbar, the Mughal emperor. In 1556, the second battle of Panipat was fought between Akbar and Hemu. Due to Hemu s defeat the dream of his expansion of Hindu state vanished and the Mughal empire was established fully. Jalal Khan was the ruler of sub-division of Tavru at the time of attack of Babar in Mandhar, a sub-division of Kaithal in Haryana was the estate of Mohan Singh, the Rajput ruler during the regime of Babar. During Haryana was under the control of Marathas. In 1761 the third battle of Panipat was fought between Ahmad Shah Abdali and Maratha rulers, in which Marathas were defeated and their strength was weakened which was a cause for the expansion of British rule in the South. While returning to his own country, Northern part of Ambala, Jind, Kurukshetra, Karnal were handed over to Jain Khan, the governor of Sarhind by Ahmad Shah Abdali. During the entire Haryana was ruled by Britishers. Most of the soldiers who took part in the revolt of 1857 at Meerut belonged to Gurgaon, Rothak and Hisar districts of Haryana. Brave soldier, Ram-Krishan Gopal of Haryana was the assistant Kotwal (Chief-Inspector of Police) of Meerut, during the time of Meerut revolt. During the first war of independence Raja Nahan Singh of Ballabhgarh was the leader of revolutionary forces in Delhi. During the revolution of 1857 the Jind estate of Haryana supported the Britishers. Hisar of Haryana was the political and social work place of Lala Lajpat Rai. Gandhiji was arrested from Palwal (Haryana) on 8th April, Till after independence in 1947, Haryana was the part of Punjab province.

15 Haryana : Geographical and Natural Location The State of Haryana was created on Nov. 1, 1966 after separating the designated area from the State of Punjab. With the exception of a few Siwalik ranges in the North and Aravalli ranges in the South, the entire Haryana is a plain area. The State of Haryana lies in the North-Western part of the country, extending from 27-39' N to 30-55'- 5" N Lat. and 74-27'-8" E to 77-36'-5" E Long. The state is adjacent to the National Capital. It is bounded in the North by Himachal Pradesh, in the East by Himachal Pradesh and Delhi; in the South and South-East by Rajasthan and in the North- West by Punjab and Rajasthan and by U.P. in the East. The state covers an area of 44,212 sq. km, with a 21st place in the country (according to area). As the flow of river indicates, the northern part is slopy from North-East to South-West. The plain area of Haryana is the part of Indo-gagentic plain which has been formed due to the deposition of alluvial sediment. Physical Divisions The State of Haryana can be divided into four physical divisions : (i) Hilly area of Shivalik, (ii) Plains area (iii) Sandy area (iv) Dry area of Aravalli Ranges (i) Hilly area of Shivalik Ranges This hilly area is the North-Eastern part of the state. Its height is from 900 meters to 2300 meters. Rivers Ghagghar, Tangari, Markanda and Sarswati emerge from this hilly area. Huge trees and Limestone are found here. The Limestone is used for cement manufacturing. (ii) Plains area This covers the largest area of the state. This area extends from North to South. In summer it is very hot while in winter it is severe cold. Here Shishum, Pipal, Banyan, Mango, Neem and Plumbago trees are found. Bibipur and Najafgarh famous lakes are situated in this area. (iii) Sandy area Western part of the state adjacent to Rajasthan is sandy. Here small sand dunes are found at places. Here warm wind blows which causes scanty rainfall. Here Keekar, Khair and Thorn trees with Xerophytes as well as scrubs are found. The part of Mahendragarh, Bhiwani, Sirsa and Hisar districts are sandy. (iv) Dry area of Aravalli Ranges The dry ranges of Aravalli are found in southern part of Haryana. This range is an offshoot of Aravalli Ranges situated in Rajasthan. The limestone and slate are found in these rocks. Due to scanty rainfall Xerophytes vegetation is found in the area. Aravalli ranges are situated in the Nuh (Mewat) area of Gurgaon district of Haryana. Climate Temperature Haryana experiences continental type of climate. Here summers are very hot and winters are severely cold.

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