MICROFINANCE IN HARYANA

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1 MICROFINANCE IN HARYANA

2 CHAPTER-4 MICROFINANCE IN HARYANA This chapter analyzed the profile of sample district and state. Further, it studied the Status of Microfinance through various schemes and programmes in Haryana & Mewat as well. It also measured the growth of Self Help Groups in all blocks of Mewat district. 4.1 PROFILE OF HARYANA Haryana came into existence on 1 st November 1966 as a newly created state carved out of the Punjab state on the basis of language. It has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. It is bordered by the Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north and by Rajasthan to the west and south 1. Population of the State at lakh is 2.09% of population of the country. The state is divided into 4 divisions i.e. Ambala, Rohtak, Gurgaon and Hisar. Haryana is also one of the wealthier states of India and had the second highest per capita income in the country at Rs in the year and Rs in the year including the largest number of rural crorepatis in India 2. Hindus are majority in Haryana and are about 88.23% of the population, Muslims 3 6% (mainly Meos), Sikhs 5.78%, Christians 0.45%. Dalits constitute 19.3% of Haryana s population and Valimikis constitute 19.2% of the Dalit. Haryana is also one of the most economically developed regions in South Asia and its agricultural and manufacturing industry has experienced sustained growth since 1970s 4. Agriculture related industries have been the backbone of the local economy. The economy of Haryana relies on manufacturing, business process outsourcing, agriculture and retail. The economic growth of Haryana has been exemplary since its creation in The State economy grew at an excellent average annual growth rate of 8.8 percent during the period of last Muslims are mainly in Mewat and Yamuna Nagar district of Haryana

3 8 years ( to ), higher than the 8.0 percent growth rate of the Indian economy. Though, Haryana is geographically a small State accounting for only 1.3 percent of the total area of the country, the contribution of the State in the National GDP at constant ( ) prices has been recorded as 3.4 percent as per the Quick Estimates (QE) of The growth in GDP of the State during as per Quick Estimates was recorded as 6.5 percent, higher than the growth of 4.5 percent recorded by the Indian economy 5. Despite recent industrial development, Haryana is primarily an agricultural state. The Quick Estimate of State GDP at current prices has been estimated as Rs. 3,45, crore for as against the Revised Estimate of Rs. 3,01, crore in recording the growth of 14.3 percent. The GDP at constant ( ) prices for has been estimated as Rs. 1, 88, crore as against the Revised Estimate of Rs. 1, 76, crore for reflecting the growth of 6.5 percent. About 70% of residents are engaged in agriculture Wheat and rice is the major crops. Haryana is selfsufficient in food production and the second largest contributor to India's central pool of food grains. 6 Figure: 4.1 Per Capita Income of Haryana State Source: Economy Survey of Haryana, Economic Survey of Haryana,

4 Growth of per capita income plays a major role in reducing the poverty. It is clear from Figure 4.1 that per capita income of the State at constant ( ) prices as per Advance Estimates is expected to reach at the level of Rs. 68,040 during as against Rs. 64,631 in indicating an increase of 5.3 percent during At current prices, the State per capita income is likely to reach at the level of Rs. 1, 35,007 during as compared to that of Rs. 1, 20,352 in showing an increase of 12.2 percent during The Haryana State has the highest per capita income amongst the large States in the Country. The per capita income of the State has always remained much higher than all India level in the past. As per the Advance Estimates, the per capita income of the country in has been estimated as Rs. 39,961 and Rs. 74,920 at constant ( ) and current prices, respectively 7. In Haryana, total No. of rural Households are and total rural population is Total No. of BPL households are and percentage of BPL Households (HH) is Out of all BPL Households, form SC category are , under BC category is and Landless BPL. 8 To tackle the problem of poverty and for rural development, different schemes of central and state government for rural as well as urban areas, such as Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY), Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana (SGRY), Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY), Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY), Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), Backward Regions Grant Fund (BRGF), Schemes by Forest Department, Swayamsiddha, Swa-Shakti, programmes by NGOs, SCRIA etc. was implemented in the state. At the Block Level BDPO and other staff also help to execute the schemes. The Panchayati Raj Institutions Gram Panchayats, Panchayat Samiti, Zila Parishad and Gram Sabha have substantial role in formulation and implementation of the wage employment scheme of MGNREGA and self employment scheme of SGSY, rural housing schemes of IAY etc Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India (GOI),

5 4.2 PROFILE OF MEWAT DISTRICT Geographically, Mewat district is situated between 26 and 30 N latitude and 76 and 78 E longitude. It largely comprises plains with Aravali hills running north-south on its western border. Mewat district is one of the 21 districts of Haryana state in northern India. The district was carved as the 20th district of Haryana from erstwhile Gurgaon and Hathin Block of Faridabad districts on 4 April Though, Hathin Sub Division was shifted to new district Palwal in Nuh town is the headquarters of the district 9. The district occupies an area of km. The district has a population of (2011 census). Mewat is populated by the Muslims (Meos), who is agriculturalists. Figure 4.2 shows the geographical map of Mewat district. Figure: 4.2 Geographical Map of Mewat District Source: For the purpose of this study, firstly one district is selected from Gurgaon Region having sufficiently large number of credit linked SHGs under the Microfinance programme up to

6 December, As a result, the most rural and backward i.e. Mewat District is selected. Mewat is very poor district. A Majority of People don t have source of income. They live in crisis. The progress of SHGs and microfinance programme can exactly measure through the performance of SHGs in this district. At second stage, five blocks from Mewat district are selected where there are a large number of credit linked SHGs. In this way, Nuh, Nagina, Firojpur Jhirka, Tauru and Punhana blocks are selected from Mewat district as discussed in the methodology. The Mewat Development Agency, which is a nodal agency of the Haryana government reports that agriculture and livestock are the main occupation of the people of Mewat district (MDA, 2002). Studies conducted by IRRAD, BVJ Gandhi et al 2009, LM Sharma 2008, N Saxena 2009, A Godyal et al 2009 have shown that Mewat continues to be ignored by policy makers and major development agencies due to its location in the well developed state of Haryana Administrative Divisions of the District Mewat district came into existence on 4 th April, 2005 as the 20 th district of the Haryana State. It comes under the Gurgaon division. Nuh and Firozpur Jhirka are two sub division of Mewat district. After the formation of Palwal district (as on 13 th August, 2008), Hathin sub-division was transferred to Palwal district. Nuh town is Mewat districts headquarter. The district comprises 5 blocks 11, 4 Tehsils and 1 Sub Tehsil (Table 4.1). Table: 4.1 Administrative Divisions of the Selected District Name of District/State Division Subdivision District No. of Tehsils No. of Sub- MEWAT (District) Under Gurgaon Division 2 (Nuh, Firozpur Jhirka) _ 4 (Nuh, Firozpur Jhirka, Punahana, Tauru) No. of Blocks Tehsil 1 (Nagina) 5 (Nuh, Firozpur Jhirka, Punahana, Tauru, Nagina) HARYANA Source: Economic Survey of Haryana Nuh, Tauru, Nagina, Firozpur Jhirka and Punhana. 126

7 4.2.2 Area and Population The total area of Mewat is 1507 sq. k.m. Out of total area, sq. k.m areas was rural and sq. k.m. come under urban area. Its population growth rate over the decade was 37.94%. According to the Census of India 2011, the total population of Mewat was (including Hathin Block of district Palwal) of which (4.64%) lived in urban areas and the major chunk (95.36%) of the population lived in rural areas. Out of the total population, there are males and females. The SC population is around including males and females. Out of total SC population, were rural population and were urban population. There was no ST population in Mewat district. The total numbers of households are out of which (87.33%) are in rural areas and remaining (12.62%) are in urban areas (Table 4.2). Table: 4.2 Total Areas and Population of the Selected District Name of District Area (In sq. Total No. of Rural Population Urban Population Total Population km.) Households Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total MEWAT 1, ,06,297 4,59, ,183 58, ,89,406 HARYANA 44, ,91,036 77,40,457 1,65,31, ,14, ,07, ,21,58 8 1,35,05,13 0 1,18,47, ,353,08 1 Source: Statistical Abstract of Haryana & Mewat Status of Mewat Economy The main occupation of the people of Mewat is agriculture and allied & agro-based activities. The Meos (Muslims) is the predominant population group and is completely agriculturists. Agriculture production measured in terms of crop yield per hectare in Mewat is comparatively low to the other districts of the State. Animal husbandry, particularly dairy is the secondary source of income for people of Mewat and those who live closer to the hilly ranges of Aravali also keep a few sheep and goats 12. The poultry population in Mewat is much less in comparison to other districts of Haryana State. Mewat has remained a region of backwardness even after independence. The area lags behind the rest of Haryana on almost every yardstick of

8 development indices, even though the farthest point of Mewat is no farther than 145 km. from the National Capital of India Identification of the Poor with BPL survey The basis objective of BPL survey is to identify the families living below the poverty line. Different criteria have been used to identify the BPL population in Mewat. During the year 2007, as per last BPL survey the total number of BPL 14 Families in the state was It was in the year of 1991 and in Out of a total of , in Mewat district BPL families were Table 4.3 shows the Block-wise BPL HH in all the blocks of Mewat district. The data given in the table demonstrated that there was highest BPL HH in Punhana (16994) which is followed by Nuh (12879), Nagina (9687), Firozpur Jhirka (8612) and Tauru (5098). Table: 4.3 No. of BPL Households in Mewat BLOCKS No. of BPL Households Nuh Taoru 5098 Firojpur Jhirka 8612 Punhana Nagina 9687 MEWAT HARYANA Source: BPL Survey, 2007, Department of Rural Development, Government of Haryana Five Indicators to identify the BPL population: Size of land holding, house, Asset, Level of education and Standard of living. Scores were given by the surveyors according to these all indicators. On the basis of these scores obtained by HH and also on the basis of cutoff scores, the number of poor person was decided in the Haryana state and Mewat district. 128

9 4.2.5 Composition of Population In Mewat, out of total population there were male population and were females. It shows that 52.45% are male and 47.55% are females. While in Haryana, 53.26% are males and 46.74% are females. The density of population in Mewat is 723 per square meter and in Haryana; it is 573 sq. mt. (Table 4.4) Table: 4.4 Sex-wise Populations in the Selected District District Male population Female population Total population Density (per Sq mt.) MEWAT ,89, HARYANA 1,35,05,130 1,18,47,951 25,353, Source: Statistical Abstract of Haryana & Mewat Sex Ratio The sex ratio in Mewat district was 906 in the year of 2011 which was 899 in It means that there is improvement in girl child infanticide. As compared to Mewat district, in Haryana the female to male ratio was 861 in 2001 which increased to 877 in the year of (Table 4.5) Table: 4.5 Sex Ratio (Female per thousand Male) in the Selected District District MEWAT HARYANA Source: Statistical Abstract of Haryana & Mewat Literacy Table 4.6 shows the literacy rate between male and female in Mewat district and Haryana. In 2011, only 33.71% females were educated out of total 51.99% rural population. While in urban population, 57.71% females were literate in Mewat. Out of total population, females and males were educated in Mewat. In Haryana, literacy rate was 76.60% while Mewat has 56.10% literacy rate in

10 Table: 4.6 Literacy Rate for Urban and Rural Population in the Selected District Literacy Rate (Percentage) District Rural population Urban population Total population Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total MEWAT HARAYANA Literate and Educated persons (2011 P) District Rural population Urban population Total population Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total MEWAT 2,79,619 1,22,732 4,02,351 44,196 28,527 72,723 3,23,815 1,51,259 4,75,074 HARAYANA 62,94,506 40,99,085 1,03,93,591 36,97,332 28,13,401 65,10,733 99,91,838 69,12,486 1,69,04,324 Source: Note: P Provisional Number of Villages and Towns In Mewat, the total number of villages was 443 in Out of which 33 were un-inhabited villages and 410 were inhabited villages. There were 29 towns in Mewat. On the other hand, in Haryana total town were 154. Total number of villages were 6841 which includes 82 (Uninhabited Villages) and 6759 (inhabited Villages). (Table 4.7) Table: 4.7 Numbers of Villages and Towns in the Selected District District Un-inhabited Inhabited Total No. of Towns Villages Villages Villages MEWAT HARYANA 82 6, Source: Statistical Abstract of Haryana & Mewat Occupational Status Occupational status shows the working population and non working population. Workers may be main workers and marginal workers. The occupational status of people in Mewat and Haryana is shown by below tables. 130

11 Number of Workers and Non-workers Table 4.8 depicts that 26.62% of population were working in 2011 in Mewat district. While in Haryana it was 35.17%. The total workers including males and females in Mewat were and in Haryana it was In Mewat, 22.52% females were working in In Haryana, the percentage of females workers was 23.66%. (Table 4.8) Table: 4.8 Numbers of Workers and Non-workers in the Selected District District Main Workers Marginal Workers Non Workers % Total Workers Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total age* Male Female Total MEWAT HARYANA Source: & Mewat census Note: *Percentage of main and marginal workers in total population Division of Workers in Different Work Categories Out of total workers in Mewat district, there were cultivators, agriculture labourers, 6023 HH workers and persons were involved in other services. In Haryana, out of total , there were workers in rural areas and were working in urban areas. (Table 4.9) Table: 4.9 Working Population and Work Categories in the Selected District Categories of Main and Marginal Workers Total Main and Marginal Workers District Cultivators Agriculture Working in Other Rural Urban Total Labourers Household Industry Services MEWAT HARYANA Source: & Mewat census

12 4.3 MICROFINACE PROGRAMME IN HARYANA In Haryana, total rural population was ; total no. of rural households and a total no. of BPL household were in There are various microfinance schemes such as Sampoorna Gramin Rojgar Yojna (SGRY), Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP), District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) 15, Mewat Area Development Project (MADP) 16, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) 17 and Non Government Organizations (NGOs). In Haryana, Microfinance is promoted under different programmes/projects by various departments and agencies such as the Women and Child Development Department (WCDD) has promoted Self Help Groups under the Programme for Advancement of Gender Equity (PAGE) and Swayamsiddha; Japanese project named as Aravali promoting by Forest Department; Women s Awareness & Management Academy (WAMA) has promoted the Swashakti project while Banks are promoting SHGs under NABARD s SBLP; DRDA is promoting SHGs under Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana In order to strengthen the District Rural Development Agencies (DRDAs) and to make them more professional and effective, a new centrally sponsored scheme, namely, DRDA Administration was introduced from 1st April, Under the scheme, grants are released to DRDAs to meet their salary and contingent expenses. The mandate of DRDAs is to effectively manage and implement the anti-poverty programmes of the Ministry of Rural Development and interact with other agencies. The grants under the scheme are released by the Centre and State in the ratio of 75:25. At the Block Level BDPO and other staff also help to execute the schemes. The Panchayati Raj Institutions Gram Panchayats, Panchayat Samiti, Zila Parishad and Gram Sabha have substantial role in formulation and implementation of the wage employment scheme of MGNREGA and self employment scheme of SGSY etc. 16 The Mewat Area Development Project was approved by the IFAD Executive Board on The initial period of the Project was 7 years effective from the year to The Government of India passed the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 in September, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme was launched by Govt. of India in all Gram Panchayats of districts Mahendergarh and Sirsa on 2nd February, 2006 and this scheme was also extended in two more districts namely Ambala & Mewat w.e.f. 1st April, The remaining districts of the State have been covered under the scheme w.e.f This scheme has been launched by the Govt. of India from April, Previously it was known as IRDP up to This is a holistic programme covering all aspects of Self Employment such as organization of the poor into self help groups, training, credit, technology, 132

13 (SGSY) and Mewat Development Agency 19 (MDA) is promoting SHGs under IFAD programme in Mewat district of Haryana. Besides government departments and agencies and banks, some international, national and regional NGOs are also working for the promotion of Microfinance and progress of SHGs. In Haryana, community based organizations are also working like SCRIA. In Haryana, SHG-Bank Linkage Programme (SHG-BLP) continues to be the mainstay of the Indian microfinance scene with 79.6 lakh SHGs covering over 10.3 crore households saving with the formal banking system with savings balance of over Rs. 6,500 crore as on 31 March About 27% of these SHGs are savings linked through the SGSY programme. About 43.5 lakh of total savings linked SHGs have also accessed bank credit and have over Rs. 36,000 crore as outstanding credit from the banking system as on 31 st March Encouraged by this growth, NABARD has set promotion of 10 Lakh SHGs as its corporate goal for the year In order to boost micro credit effort of the banks, NABARD provides 100% refinance support to them against their lending towards Self Help Groups both under SGSY/NRLM and SHG-Bank Linkage Programme. Different banks have claimed cumulative refinance of Rs lakh during from NABARD in Haryana. Table 4.10 shows the progress of SHGs in state of Haryana. It is indicated from the table that number of SHGs had increased from 2007 to In 2007, total number of SHGs was lakh which increased to in the year of The total amount of saving in 2013 was Rs lakh and a total of Rs lakh was disbursed to Groups in The total outstanding loan amount was Rs lakh in Table also indicated the Gross Non Performing Assets for bank loan to SHGs during the period of infrastructure and marketing. It is 75% funded by central government and 25% by state government. Now, SGSY is known as NRLM all over India. In India, SGSY was converted into NRLM in the year of 2011 and in Haryana & Mewat district in MDA is running community & women empowerment programme through Mewat Level SHG Federation and six Block Level SHG Federations (Nuh, Taoru, Firojpur Jhirka, Nagina, Hathin and Punhana). During the period of Mewat Area Development Project (MADP/IFAD), MDA has started a special program of empowerment of women through constituting Self Help Group. 133

14 Table: 4.10 Progress of SHGs in Haryana State Years Number of SHGs (In lakh) Savings Amount (Rs. Lakhs) Loan Disbursed (Rs. Lakhs) Bank Loans Outstanding against SHGs (Rs. Lakhs) Amount of Gross NPAs for Bank Loans to SHGs (Rs. Lakhs) Source: NABARD's Reports on Microfinance in India in various years Table 4.11 and 4.12 shows the district wise progress of SHGs under SGSY and other programmes in Haryana state. It demonstrates the total number of SHGs formed and total amount disbursed to groups since inception of the scheme. It further also shows the total amount of outstanding loan in all districts of Haryana till It is clear from the tables that there was large number of SHGs formed across the state. 134

15 Table 4.11: District wise Position of Self Help Groups (SHGs) Credit linked Up to 2013 Name of the District No. of SHGs No. of Members Disbursement under SGSY During the Qtr. During the year Since Inception of the scheme Amt. O/s No. of SHGs No. of Members Disbursement Other than SGSY During the Qtr. During the year Since Inception of the scheme Amt. O/s Ambala Panchkula Yamuna Nagar Kurukshetra Kaithal Jind Karnal Panipat Sonipat Hisar Bhiwani Fatehabad Sirsa

16 Rohtak Rewari Jhajjar M.GARH Gurgaon Faridabad Mewat Palwal Total Source: LDMs 136

17 Table 4.12: District wise Position of Self Help Groups (SHGs) Saving Linked Up to 2013 Name of the District Under SGSY Other than SGSY Men Women Mixed Total Men Women Mixed Total No. Amt. No. Amt. No. Amt. No. Amt. No. Amt. No. Amt. No. Amt. No. Amt. Ambala Panchkula Yamuna Nagar Kurukshetra Kaithal Jind Karnal Panipat Sonipat Hisar Bhiwani Fatehabad Sirsa

18 Rohtak Rewari Jhajjar Mahendergarh Gurgaon Faridabad Mewat Palwal Total Source: LDMs 138

19 A brief description of various Microfinance programmes in the state is given below: Women and Child Development Department (WCDD) The Ministry of Women and Child development came into existence as a separate Ministry with effect from 30 th January, The directorate of this department formulates the plans, policies & programmes and implements various schemes for the development of the Women and Children. First project under WCDD named as Integrated Women s Empowerment and Development Project (IWEDP) 20 was started in District Mahendergarh in July The objective of the IWEDP was to create an enabling social environment by improving the status of women and the community. A total of 867 women s groups, called Jagriti Mandalies (JMs) were formed under this programme. The Project area in the second phase (w.e.f. January, 1999) was extended to include the whole district of Rewari. Secondly, PAGE was initiated in District Rewari in July The main objective of the Project was to consolidate the Project outcomes of the past eight years and build capacities of the district machinery to continue supporting the Jagriti Mandalies (JMs). Thirdly, Indira Mahila Yojna (IMY) was recast into an IWEP and renamed as Swayamsiddha. IMY was originally implemented in 8 IMY blocks. Later on it added 5 more blocks under Swayamsiddha. Swayamsiddha is the flagship programmes of Ministry of Women and Child Development for holistic empowerment of women through SHGs. The scheme is being implemented in six districts of which thirteen blocks have been sanctioned in Haryana. Phase-I of the Scheme ended on This Ministry launched Swayamsiddha Phase-II during Under Swayamsiddha Phase-II, this Ministry covered all districts/blocks in the country. Under the scheme, total 1,300 SHGs have been formed in the 668 villages covering 17,833 members. The accumulated saving of the SHGs is Rs lakh and all these groups are 20 Under IWEDP, the Project progressed through three phases as indicated below: Phase I - July, 1994 to December, 1998 Phase II - Jan, 1999 to December, 2002 Final Phase - Jan, 2003 to June,

20 conducting inter loaning which is to tune of Rs lakh and all of them have also opened bank accounts out of which, 603 groups have even availed Bank loans. SHG women of 1279 groups are doing Income Generating Activities such as Food preservation, Dairy Farming, Vermin Compost, Tie and Dye, Cutting and Tailoring, Embroidery, Kitchen gardening, Beautician, Dari making, Gur patti making and Petty shops etc. The Swayamsiddha Scheme has culminated from March, There were 6,713 registered Mahila Mandals 21 in Haryana State in These Mahila Mandals were not functioning actively as they should have been. It was suggested that the concept of Mahila Mandal be changed and diverted to SHGs SHGs have been formed under the scheme and 1623 SHGs are involved in activities of saving, and have accumulated saving to the tune of Rs. 2,03,95, SHGs are inter-group loaning to the tune of Rs. 72,76,253 and 1064 SHGs have opened bank accounts. Moreover 1288 SHGs are involved in preparation of the Supplementary Nutrition Programme (WCD, 2009). Table 4.13 shows that 1300 SHGs have been formed in the 668 villages. It covered members. The accumulated savings under Swayamsiddha was Rs lakh. All the groups under this scheme inter-loaned the total amount of Rs lakh and 577 groups availed bank loan also. The total of 1242 groups was involved in income generating activities. This scheme was culminated in Table: 4.13 Progress of Swayamsiddha Description Cumulative progress up to No. of surviving IMY SHGs 354 New SHGs formed 946 Total SHGs 1300 No. of villages covered 668 No. of SHG members No. of SHGs doing savings 1300 Amount Saved (in Rs.) No. of SHGs doing inter-loaning It is a community based rural women organization which has more than 20 members. 140

21 Amount loaned (in Rs.) No. of members received loan No. of SHG having bank accounts 1300 Amount deposited in banks (in Rs.) No. of SHGs availing loan from banks/other sources 577 Amount of loan from banks (in Rs.) No. of loan beneficiaries 5851 No. of SHGs doing IGAs 1242 No. of SHG members doing IGAs 9463 Source: Department of Women and Child Development, Government of Haryana Haryana Women s Development Corporation (HWDC) This corporation was started in 1982 as Haryana Economically Weaker Sections kalian Nigam Ltd. In 1987, a women wing is set up which was renamed as HWWSKN. In 1991, Nigam was converted into WDC which was renamed as HWDC. Under this, the Rural Women s Development & Empowerment (Swa-Shakti) Project was implemented in the State by the Women s Development Council, assisted by the World Bank, International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD) and Government of India. The Project was undertaken in three districts covering 23 development blocks and 643 villages. A total of 1,550 SHGs were formed, with the membership of 22,009 women. The HWDC implemented a loaning scheme for women to set up their own enterprises which has been discontinued w.e.f. July 2008 and introduced a new scheme namely Micro Credit Scheme under which Haryana Women s Development Corporation (HWDC) gets loan from Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMK) at the rate of eight per cent interest per annum. In another scheme, the State Government has set up Sanitary Napkin Units through Sakshar Mahila Samoohs/Women s Self Help Groups in all the districts through Haryana Women s Development Corporation. Table 4.14 demonstrates the progress under the Loaning Scheme of the Corporation. The totals of cases were there under this corporation. The total loan amount was Rs lakh out of which bank loan was Rs lakh. 141

22 Table: 4.14 Progress under the Loaning Scheme of the HWDC (in Lakh) Year No. of cases Subsidy Margin Beneficiary Bank Loan Total Loan Money Share Grand Total Source: Department of Rural Development District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) has been the principal authority at the District levels to overseas the implementation of various poverty alleviation programmes. The department of rural development, Haryana implemented many programmes in rural areas with the help of state government for the purpose of poverty alleviation, women empowerment, rural and poor development etc Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana/National Rural Livelihood Mission (SGSY/NRLM) SGSY/NRLM is a major on-going programme for the generation of self-employment of the rural poor people so that they can enhance their living conditions. Initially, the IRDP was launched during the year in 39 blocks and later on scaled up in all development blocks in Table 4.15 shows the financial and physical performance of IRDP in Haryana state. Table indicates that the expenditure is greater than the total allocation. The expenditure under this scheme was highest during the period of i.e %. It was lowest in the year of The total funds released by the central and state government were Rs. 341 lakh. Further, table also observed that percentage of achievement of total target was very impressive. The 142

23 performance of IRDP was good during all years except the period of It was % in the period of which increased to % during the Table: 4.15 Financial & Physical Performance of IRDP in Haryana ( ) Year Allocation Expenditure Expenditure on Project Target Achievement %Age of Achievement Administration to (9.48) (106.44) to (12.01) (102.08) to (15.10) (121.01) to (15.01) (182.03) (33.48) Not (106.89) fixed (77.02) (25.28) Not fixed Source: Department of rural development, GOI Note: Figures in parenthesis show percentage. 143

24 Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) 22 is a self-employment programme of Ministry of Rural Development that aims at providing assistance to the BPL families for establishing micro-enterprises through bank credit and government subsidy to acquire an income-generating asset. The programme was started from after restructuring and merging the erstwhile Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) and its allied programmes, namely Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSEM), Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA), Supply of Toolkits in Rural Areas (SITRA) and Ganga Kalyan Yojana (GKY), besides Million Wells Scheme (MWS) 23. As regard to physical performance of SGSY groups in the state, there were 712 SHGs formed in the year , 1530 in , 985 in , 2303 in and 4506 in The women SHGs were 442 in which increased to 2,857 in the year In 2011, SGSY has been restructured as National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM), subsequently renamed as "Aajeevika", to implement it in a mission mode across the country. Since the inception of the Programme lakh SHGs have been formed. During , a total of lakh Swarojgaris were assisted out of which lakh (68.63%) were women Swarojgaris. In , till December, 4.38 lakh Swarojgaris have been assisted out of which 3.49 lakh (79.68%) are women 24. Table 4.16 gives an account of allocation, release and utilization of funds during the period of for SGSY/NRLM. Table inferred that in the year of 2013, the total available funds were Rs lakh out of which Rs lakh were utilized. The total allocation of funds including both state and central were Rs lakh in In 1980, Ministry of Rural Development (MORD), Government of India started Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) to directly target the poor families for creation of assets and self employment. In 1999, IRDP was transformed into Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) to generate self-employment through organizing poor into Self Help Groups (SHGs). SGSY covered aspects of self employment such as organization of the poor into self help groups, training, credit, technology, infrastructure and marketing. SGSY has been restructured as National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM), subsequently renamed as "Aajeevika", to implement it in a mission mode across the country. The programme was formally launched on 3rd June, NRLM was launched in Haryana and Mewat in It is regulated by DRDA. It gives main emphasize on the growth of BPL families

25 Table: 4.16 Allocations, Release and Utilization of Funds under SGSY/NRLM in Haryana (Rs. in Lakh) Years Allocation of Funds Release of Funds Total Funds Total Funds Centre State Total Centre State Available Utilized Source: Annual Reports of Ministry of Rural Development, GOI Table 4.17 shows that the total credit target was Rs Lakh in The credit disbursed to SHGs was Rs lakh in It also shows that the credit disbursed to Swarozgaris initially increased then it started decreasing and later again started increasing. The total credit disbursed increased during the period of from Rs lakh to Rs lakh. Table: 4.17 Mobilization of credit under SGSY/NRLM in Haryana (Rs. in Lakh) YEAR TOTAL CREDIT CREDIT CREDIT TOTAL CREDIT TARGET DISBURSED TO DISBURSED DISBURSED SHGS SWAROZGARIES

26 Source: Annual Reports of Ministry of Rural Development, GOI It is clear from the Figure 4.3 that the total number of SHGs formed in Haryana under SGSY was increased since inception but later after the year of 2009, it started decreasing. Initially, only 712 SHGs were formed while now in 2013, about 2487 SHGs were formed. Figure: 4.3 Number of SHGs formed under SGSY in Haryana (in numbers) ( ) Source: Annual Reports of the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India. Table 4.18 shows the SHGs under SGSY with Grades and Economic Activities in Haryana since The total number of 2143 SHGs have passed Grade-I and 753 SHGs have passed Grade-II in The totals of number of 1247 SHGs were involved in income generating activities in Table shows that initially it had very low progress. 146

27 Table: 4.18 SHGs under SGSY/NRLM with Grades and Economic Activities in Haryana since (in Numbers) Year No. of SHGs passed No. of SHGs passed No. of SHGs taken up Grade I Grade II economic activities Source: Annual Reports of Ministry of Rural Development, GOI Swaran Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY) This scheme was introduced by Government of India w.e.f , which has been revamped w.e.f The scheme is funded in the ratio of 75:25 by the Govt. of India and State Government. As per revised guidelines, the subsidy has been enhanced from Rs. 7,500 to Rs. 50,000 for individuals and from Rs. 1, 25,000 to Rs. 3,00,000 for Urban Women Self Help Groups and Revolving 2,000 per member subject to maximum limit of Rs. 25,000 per Thrift & Credit Society 25. The cost of training has also been enhanced from Rs. 2,000 to Rs.10, 000 per trainee. An amount of Rs. 1, lakh of previous year was available with districts. Up to December, 2013, by utilizing Rs. 1, lakh, loan & subsidy to 1,000 individuals and 34 UWSHG have been provided, 18,114 persons trained and 3,193 persons are under training, 52 Thrift & Credit Societies are assisted and 0.02 lakh man days are generated

28 There is provision of Rs. 452 lakh of State share of SJSRY in current financial year, out of which Rs. 145 lakh is earmarked for the welfare of Scheduled Caste. The Government of India has recently announced new poverty alleviation scheme namely National Urban Livelihood Mission (NULM) which would replace the ongoing scheme of SJSRY NABARD s SHG-Bank Linkage Programme (SBLP) in Haryana In our economy, women constitute about fifty percent of the total human resources. However women are the more deprived and underprivileged than men as they are subject to many socioeconomic and cultural constraints (Lakshmi and Vidivalagan, 2012). The Self Help Group movement has flourished and spread out in India on account of the success of NABARD pilot project in 1992 and the main focus has been given on Self Help Group as a reliable instrument for women empowerment in the 9th five year plan (Ghadge, 2014). SHGs-Bank Linkage Programme is emerging as a cost effective mechanism for providing financial services to the Unreached Poor (Shivakumar and Prabhakaran, 2012) which has been successful not only in meeting financial needs of the rural poor women but also strengthen collective self help capacities of the poor, leading to their empowerment. In the state of Haryana, the SHG- Bank linkage programme started in Since then the number of SHGs linked to the banks have increased considerably especially during the last few years. The cumulative number of SHGs in Haryana as of 31st March, 2009 was recorded to be 17,436. The total bank loans provided to all these SHGs as of 31st March 2009 were Rs. 6, lakh. Haryana Regional Office of NABARD (National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development) has extended a record support of Rs crore for Agriculture and Rural Development in the State of Haryana during the year , recording a growth of 19% over the year (Rs crore). An analysis of distribution of SHGs across districts in Haryana reveals that the southern part of the State comprising Gurgaon, Mewat, Rewari and Mahenderrgarh districts has larger share of SHGs. Gurgaon district (including Mewat) has the maximum number of SHGs in Haryana. Model-wise SHG-Bank linkages analysis for the State further brings to the fore that as on 31 st March, 2004, percent of SHGs had bank-linked 26 Economic Survey of Haryana

29 under Model II and the remaining (24.82 per cent) had been linked under Model I. There was absolutely no presence of Model III SHG bank linkage in the State. Credit projections of Rs crore for the year for Haryana, for various Priority Sector activities were approved in the State Credit Seminar organized by NABARD on 21 st February 2013 in the presence of Shri Paramvir Singh, Ex. Agriculture Minister, Government of Haryana. Out of total projections Rs crore (67%) is projected for Agriculture sector. These projections represent a growth of 16% over the Annual Credit Plan of the State for the year (Rs crore). The total number of SHGs formed up to 2013 was and amount of Rs lakh was saved. It shows -3.63% growths in the number of SHGs formed over the previous year and 9.58% growth was in saving amount. Up to March 2013, total of groups have outstanding loan of amount Rs millions. Total amount of Rs. 516 millions was disbursed to 3214 SHGs up to March Tale 4.19 shows the total number of SHGs formed under SBLP and total amount which was disbursed to the members. It also explained the refinance amount for the period of In the year of 1997, only 7 groups were formed which increased to up to the year of Table: 4.19 Progress of SHG-bank Linkage under NABARD in Haryana Year Numbers of SHGs Loan amount Refinance (lakh)

30 Source: SHG- Bank Linkage report, various years Note: Number Cumulative, Disbursement in Rs. 10 Lakh and Refinance in Lakh. Table 4.20 shows the total saving amount under SBLP of NABARD for the period of It is clear from the table that saving amount is increasing yearly. There is also an increment in number of outstanding loans and amount of outstanding loan from The total saving amount was Rs lakh in the year of In 2013, the total numbers of outstanding loan was with total of Rs lakh as outstanding loan amount. Table: 4.20 Loan and Savings Amount Under SHG-Bank Linkage In Haryana Year Saving Amount (Lakh) Numbers of Outstanding loan Amount of outstanding loan (lakh) SBLP is promoted and financed by government organizations and NGOs. Commercial banks, cooperative banks and RRBs all are helping in promoting the SBLP in the state. As on March 2013, total amount of Rs lakh were disbursed as loan to 1682 SHGs by Public sector commercial banks. Out of the total amount, Rs lakh were disbursed to 1310 women SHGs. RRBs disbursed total amount of Rs lakh to 2056 SHGs and Rs lakh were disbursed to 127 SHGs by Cooperative banks. Out of the total amount, Rs lakh were disbursed to 1625 women SHGs by RRBs and Rs lakh were disbursed to 92 women SHGs by Cooperative banks. It is observed form the table that mostly commercial banks and RRBs play major role for promoting and financing the SHGs (Table 4.21). 150

31 Table: 4.21 SHG-bank Linkage Agency Wise Position in Haryana as on 31 st March 2013 (Amount in Lakh) Total Loans disbursed Out of Total - Loan Out of Total - Loan during the year disbursed under SGSY disbursed Sr. No. Name of Bank Exclusive to Women SHGs No. of SHGs Loans No. of Loans No. of SHGs Loans Disbursed SHGs Disbursed Disbursed Public Sector Commercial Banks 1. Allahabad Bank Bank of Baroda Bank of India Canara Bank Central bank of India 6. Corporation Bank 7. Dena Bank IDBI Bank Indian Bank Indian Overseas bank 11. OBC PNB Punjab & Sind Bank 14. SBI State bank of Patiala 16. Syndicate Bank UCO Bank Union Bank of India 19. Vijaya Bank TOTAL

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